What is leading the mentaill to homeless Research Proposal - 2750 Words

What is leading the mentaill to homeless? (Research Proposal Sample) Content: WHAT IS LEADING THE MENTALLY ILL TO HOMELESS?ABSRACTThis study will aim at addressing the issues of homelessness in relation to mental health. The research will be based in the United States of America, from the staff of Heathwayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Centre for Women (HCW), homeless people and employees from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The main objectives of the study will be to determine the reasons behind the increasing number of mentally ill people in the streets. It will be hoped that this study would be of great significance to various parties. The study undertook a review of various relevant studies done in the area of homelessness amongst single mothers, mentally ill adults and youths. These were presented in the form of a literature review, which will be indicative of the various books and journals that were used to enrich the knowledge base during the research. Literature review showed the gaps and the existing knowledge regarding th e topic. It enabled the researcher to demonstrate and familiarize with the area of study, and showed continuity of the previous work that will be covered in the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s area of study. A critical review will be presented in line with pointing out the evident points of errors of omission or commission in the earlier studies. Conclusions of the studies were also presented, as are the gaps to be filled by the study. To indicate the relationship that exists between the various variables, a conceptual framework will be formulated. A survey research design will be employed in the study. This will enable the research to obtain a descriptive over view of the study. In this case the 50% of the respondents will be considered for the study. The data collected will be analyzed using quantitative techniques. The researcher will edit, code, classify and sort the data upon collection. However, since qualitative data will be also generated, it will be analyzed by use of them es and categories. Graphs, tables and pie charts were used to present frequencies and percentages. These will enable the researcher to arrange the data in a logical sequence for easy interpretation and comparison of different classes of data and also compare and interpret data findings appropriately. INTRODUCTIONÂMental illness or psychological disorder is a state of mental or behavioral anomaly that causes an inability to carry out an ordinary life. The causes of mental illness are valid and include; excessive substance abuse, stigma and discrimination. Homelessness ÂÂdescribes the condition of people without a regular dwelling place.Understanding the reasons behind the increasing number of homeless people, especially the mentally ill is important in giving direction on the salient issues and policies that need to be put in place by the government to solve this menace. According to Substance Abuse and Mental services Administration 20 to25% of the homeless population in United States of America suffers from some form of mental illness. ÂOver the last few years the policy makers have neglected the presence of homelessness people in our cities, but with the ever increasing number and pressure to protect human rights by no governmental organization; this matter has sought the attention of many stakeholders.The main objective of this study is to find the relationship between mental illness and homelessness. Normally mental illness interferes with peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ability to carry out essential aspects of their life, such as self hygiene and doing basic household chores. Besides, mental illness is attributed to hampering people from forming and maintaining stable relationship. These and other factors cause people to sheer away from mentally ill individuals, thus leaving them homeless.There is a direct correlation, between mental illness and physical health, especially among the homeless. Due to their impaired judgmen t these people fail to take precaution and are often victims of physical problems such as respiratory infection, skin diseases and tuberculosis and HIV, furthermore most homeless people in the USA suffer from substance abuse and drug dependence. An integration of mental illness, substance abuse and poor physical health, is for real too much for this people, and better policies need to put in place to solve this mess once and for all. Better mental health facilities, would not only combat mental illness, but homelessness as well.LITERATURE REVIEWThis chapter presents an overview of existing literature from the theoretical review. It contains information on research carried by other scholars and organizations, as regards homelessness and the mentally ill.According to Averitt (2003), the population of the homeless people in the united states has grown tremendously over the last 20 years, with mentally ill single mothers representing a higher proportionate of this increasing figures. In another study Averitt (2003), argues that homelessness affects this people greatly, in that they are exposed to violence and other stressful events like physical assault and exploitation.The physical and mental health of homeless people was found to be worse compared to that of low income individuals with housing. (Bassuk et al. 1998).Homeless mentally ill mothers, do not give proper care to their children, and a recent survey shows they face their children being taken away from them for better care. (Averitt 2003)These children are negatively affected. They are at high risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems, as well as problems with their physical health and educational achievement. (Buckner, Bassuk and Weinreb 1999; Masten 1992).this risks are higher for the homeless child whose mother has a mental illness.Burg (1994) notes that the cycle of homelessness and repeated psychiatric hospitalization that most homeless people face may be tackled by an integration approach in which basic needs, independent living skills and mental health issues are addressed. Despite that no integrated program so far exists to cater for the need of homeless mentally ill individuals. (Dickey 2000). General objectiveBroadly, this study seeks to establish the reasons behind the rising number of mentally ill homeless people.Hypothesis or specific research questions.What are the factors behind then increasing number of homeless people?How does personal care contribute to homelessness?How does inability to maintain relationship contribute to homelessness?How do frustrations and stress contribute to homelessness?How does poor household management contribute to homelessnessConceptual modelFigure 1Inability to maintain stable relationshipPersonal carePoor household managementStress or frustrations by caregivers and family members.Number of mentally ill homeless peopleIndependent variable dependent variableFigure1Source (aut hor 2014)The figure shows how the various independent variables that is , inability to maintain stable relationship, personal care, poor household management and frustrations of caregivers and family members on the number of mentally ill homeless people. There is a direct relationship between the variables implying that an increase in the independent variables leads to an increase in the number of homeless mentally ill people.Limitations of the StudyIn the undertaking of the research project, a lot of limitations are likely to be encountered. Such may comprise of the following:Time limits- the researcher needs to move up and down to collect information concerning the research. Amid the tight academic schedule time becomes insufficient for travelling from place to place collecting the required data. The respondents too may find time to be a limiting factor considering they too need to accomplish their organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s goals.Financial constraints- this particular research exer cise required a lot of money and other resources that were apparently lacking and if available then in small quantities. Due to this travelling to all places to gather the required could not be effectively and efficiently be achieved.Inadequate information: Given the nature of the study which requires getting information from mentally ill people, getting relevant respondents who are conversant with area is quite a challenge. However ones just need to be a little bit more careful and focus on the right and defined target population that is the care givers and employees of the mentioned organizations, to some extent one can get information from mentally ill people, sounds funny!Access to the target resource persons:-getting access to the managers as well as other personnel who are in position is not only a nightmare but also a hurdle since you have to book for appointment which can be rejected or accepted. This limitation can be overcome by applying public relation skills learnt in th e course of undergraduate degree courses such as communication skills as well as assuring the responds that the findings will only be used for academic purposes and will be confidential.ÂÂRESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGYThis chapter presents a research methodology of the study, shedding light on the Research design, population, sample and sampling procedures, instrumentation, and data collection procedures and data analysis. Research DesignÂThe study will employ survey research design. This design is a present oriented methodology used to investigate population by selecting samples to analyze and discover occurrences(Oso and Onen,2009).It will be used to describe and explain events as they are ,as they were and as they will be by providing some numeric description of some part of the ...

Health of the Family Business Consultant Report - Pizza Franco - Free Essay Example

PIZZA FRANCO Contents Executive Summary Health of the Family Business Consultant Report Analysis Conclusion Recommendations References Executive Summary Pizza Franco is a family business that operates a pizza chain and has been in the business for decades. The company has flourished when it comes to expanding its chains but the business lacks behind in terms of having a vision and proper organizational strategies. Pizza Franco has a strong unified family that is running the business with strong communication amongst them. But the company does not have a proper organizational strategy, strategic plan, succession plans and shareholder management plans. Pizza Franco does not have a board of directors and has very few external members as part of their employees. These factors lead to the business not being able to develop properly and effectively and lacking behind when it comes to innovation or diversification. Pizza Franco should establish a proper board of directors that is able to communicate with shareholders on a regular basis, they should observe the business and provide guidelines and recommendations on how to improve the busin ess. The board of directors will help give the business a direction and therefore help in its development. Another important step that should be taken by the business is to ensure that there is cohesion and coordination among family members, more non-family members should be brought in to fill in managerial positions in order to increase diversification among the firm if they have more experience than existing family members. Furthermore, the business should develop a proper succession plan so that conflicts can be avoided when filling out important positions such as CEO, CFO and the experienced person is selected for the position. Health of the Family Business Consultant Report Pizza Franco is a family run pizza chain that has been working for decades and has expanded their operations in a major way. The owner of the company is Don Franco and his sons have been appointed at various managerial positions within the company. The business has been operating for a long time but still it lacks a proper business strategy that is required for a family business. A family business is a synthesis of: ownership control (15 %+) by two or more members of a family or a partnership of families, strategic influence by family members on the management of the firm, concern for family relationships and the dream (possibility) of continuity across generations. By definition, Pizza Franco is a family business. Analysis The key criterion of a successful business is that there should be a mutual understanding and interdependence between all the groups present in a business. These groups include family owner, family members, and non-family members/employees. A proper family business realizes the fact that family dynamics play a very important and influential role in business and family influences the business and vice versa. Furthermore, ownership also plays an important role in influencing the business and the family. So all these groups are related and are independent as well as dependent on each other. If one system is not working properly, it will have a bad effect on the other system. Pizza Franco has established itself as a family business but it is not aware of the relation and influence of these groups on each other. Pizza Franco lacks a proper structured family council that is necessary for discussing and resolving problems before they turn into big issues, educating the family about the re sponsibilities that they have when they are part of the ownership and the management and helps in facilitating a proper communication process that enables the family to create a proper family plan. Pizza Franco also lacks of a proper management team which should include both family and non-family members. When the CFO of Pizza Franco, the eldest son of the owner, died, the family was in a conflict as to who to appoint as the new CFO; Alexander, who was the son of the owner and had no experience at all, or an external manager. The family favored Alexander over an external manager. Having less or no non-family managers reduces the efficiency of the management. The management team is responsible for coming up with business plans, strategic plans and contingency plans and experienced people are needed for this. The most important factor that Pizza Franco lacks in is of an absence of a proper board of directors. A board of directors is important for a company because it adds onto the per spective of the owner, makes efficient and effective business plans, as well as monitors the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance, makes important decisions regarding investments and dividends and keep family members informed about the performance of the business. A firm should have a proper organizational strategy so that it can work efficiently. Businesses should be well aware of what their organizational hierarchy is, what type of skills do people at each post should possess and who is responsible for each department in the business. A proper organizational structure should be able to make sure that the organization is decentralized or centralized. The roles of family members and non-family employees should be carefully defined and the extent of the involvement of family members in the management should also be set properly. Pizza Franco lacked a proper organizational strategy. The business had no proper set guidelines for family members and it lacked a sense of direction. I t can be apparent from the fact that when the owner was looking for a replacement for the CFO, he had to consult various people before coming to a conclusion. But despite this, the communication strategy of the business is efficient. In the process of coming to a decision to select the CFO, the father decided to consult all shareholders involved and make a collective decision. Good governance is also important for any business to flourish. Governance needs to be efficient and for a family business to achieve that, they need to make sure that they have a proper structure (with rules and guidelines) and encourage emotional intelligence among their employees (both family and non-family members). Like any other business, a family business should also have a clear strategy concerning their mission, vision, succession laws, shares and much more. Pizza Franco lacks in this area as well. Despite expanding their business to such an extent, they still do not have a formal strategy to carry out their business. While their communication strategy is strong and effective, they need to be clear about what their long-term and short-term goals are and how their business should be able to operate. Family firms need help in governing the familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"management relationship. The desired outcome is rational economic and family welfare decisions unencumbered by traditional family dynamics. Governance can be provided for through ownership structure, different classes of voting and nonvoting stock, buy-sell agreements, a family constitution. Pizza Franco also lacks of a proper board that is essential for firms to operate effectively. Board composition in family-controlled firms in the SP 500 found that companies, in which independent directors balanced the influence of founding families on the board, performed better and created greater shareholder value. Firms in which founding family ownership remained (and relatively few independent directors served on the board) performed significantly worse than nonfamily firms. Shareholder management in the firm is also very important as shareholders are the ones who own the firm or the business and are responsible for its well-being and development. The shareholders in Pizza Franco are all family members and therefore a proper plan for their management does not exist. Shareholder wealth management and stewardship is important as these factors make sure that the firm is on its way to development and is maximizing its profits. With a proper shareholder wealth management plan in place, the shareholders of the firm will be motivated to maximize the wealth of the firm, increase its stock prices, increase the overall value of the firm and in turn increase the net worth of the individual who is holding the stock. Stewardship, on the other hand, involves the concept that the owner of the firm or any shareholder that is involved in the business is not in it solely for the financial gains b ut wants to contribute something to the community and the workers, they want the business to keep on growing and succeeding long after they are gone and are basically looking for long-term instead of short-term gain because of the desire to have future generations take over the business.Pizza Franco encourages stewardships among its stakeholders as they are expanding their business, are settling in for the long-term and are involving future generations in its operations. But the company, then again, lacks a clear strategy for the business and it needs to define its long-term and short-term objectives. Shareholder meetings are also very important as these represent one of the best opportunities to educate owners about their responsibilities and what the company and its management expect of shareholders and allow for financial, business, and competitive information-sharing and communication on other issues critical to a family firm in a disciplined and proactive manner. Family shareho lders expecting to fulfill their responsibility of aligning management interests with shareholder priorities and holding management accountable need to have a thorough understanding of financial statements. They need to be able to make sense of what the numbers say about the firm and its competitive condition. In order for a family business to keep on operating efficiently for a long time, succession policies need to be defined clearly and efficiently. A proper succession criterion should be set for each post (mainly the important posts such as the CEO) and successor goals should be identified. Without proper successors taking over the business, the family business would fall apart and would fail in a very bad way. A family business also needs to ensure that successors also fit the profile of successful successors. For example they can be people that know the business well or even love the nature of the business, they are guided responsibly by the previous generation, by advisors , and by a board of outside directors, they have good relationships and the ability to accommodate others, especially if part of a successor team, they can count on competent nonfamily managers in the top management team to complement their own skills or they have controlling ownership or can lead, through allies. Pizza Franco did not have clear succession policies. They lacked behind this area. The example of setting up a new CFO when the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s son died is a clear example of how important it is for the business to have a clear succession policy. Despite having a lack of experience, Alexander (younger son of the owner) was keen and adamant to take his brotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s place as the new CFO of the organizations. The family could not reach a consensus on this decision and consultants had to be bought in to contribute to this decision. The meeting ended with a mutual agreement of appointing an interim CFO for a period between 6 months up to a year until Alex ander gains the necessary experience needed to succeed. The aim of the consultants was to reach a decision that would satisfy all the family members and avoid a family conflict. Therefore it is clear that Pizza Franco needs to have a proper succession strategy in order to avoid such conflicts and decision making processes in the future and be clear about what the organization wants. Conclusion Pizza Franco is a family business that has developed in terms of its locations but it still needs to go a long way when it comes to strategy. The business has developed itself efficiently in a few areas but it still needs to work in various other parts. Pizza Franco has a family council which lacks in structure and experience but is very effective for collective decision making among family members. Furthermore, they have a vague stewardship strategy as the owner of the business is working for the long-term and want to make sure the business remains successful in the future. The family is also much unified when it comes to taking decisions which is an important trait for a business to have. But Pizza Franco lacks various necessary things. They do not have a board of directors which is important for a business to perform and progress efficiently. The business denotes the notion of unhealthy family culture perhaps rooted in the sonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ limited business knowledge and la ck of vision especially expressed by Alexander who is assertive on his decision to take on the role as the CFO at current times). To an extent this problem lies in the structure of the business, as the head of the family and the business, the father, has not started to integrate the younger sons in the business operations. The company lacks in strategic planning, succession planning and shareholder strategy. These strategies ensure that conflict is minimized among family members. Furthermore, Pizza Franco also lacks in diversifications when it comes to having more non-family members as managers. They do not have a proper organizational culture which is necessary for any business to thrive. Recommendations The most important step that should be taken by Pizza Franco in order to improve their business is to have a board that oversees the business and works for its progress. The role of the board is prominent in the governance of the relationship between a family and its business when the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"business interaction is perceived as a positive-sum dynamic. Pizza Franco needs to ensure that their board is also adaptable to any sort of change in the company. The board should develop or approve the strategic plan, participate in the management development plan, and prepare the leadership continuity plan and the contingency plan. The board should work works with a professional team of advisors to prepare a succession plan and should use a succession planning consultant to ensure that the board takes steps professionally. The other step that should be taken by them is to have proper defined succession policies. These policies will ensure that conflict among family members is reduced when succession needs to take place and the process is done smoothly. The business needs to ensure that more non-family members are placed at managerial positions if they have the required experience since it will bring more innovation and diversification into the firm. A management team should be developed by Pizza Franco that should evaluate potential successors for management, including family and non-family members and promotion and succession should avoid nepotism and management should promote the most qualified candidate. A systems approach should be adopted by the organization in which all the family members are made aware of their relation to each other and their effect on the business. Training of potential heirs from an early stage in their life by offering them internship or working opportunity at market rates should also be given importance. Employees and members should be made aware about emotional intelligence and they should be able to recognize each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feelings and manage emotions effectively. References Anderson, R. and Reeb, D., Board Composition: Balancing Family Influence in SP 500 Firms, Administrative Science Quarterly, 49 (2004), pp. 209-237. Astrachan, J. H. (2010). Strategy in family business: Toward a multidimensional research agenda.Journal of Family Business Strategy,1(1), 6-14. Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W. (2007). Destructive and productive family relationships: A stewardship theory perspective.Journal of Business Venturing,22(4), 545-565. Gersick, K. E., Davis, J. A.,Hampton, M. M., Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A., Barnett, T., Pearson, A. (2008). An exploratory study of family member characteristics and involvement: Effects on entrepreneurial behavior in the family firm.Family Business Review,21(1), 1-14. Poza and Daugherty (2013). Family Business. 4th Edition, chapter 6 and 7. 1

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Stereotypes In Disney Movies About Princesses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2448 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Stereotypes Essay Did you like this example? I have been watching Disney movies since I was very young. However, as Ive grown up watching these movies Ive noticed the pressure it puts on young girls to look and act the way the princesses are portrayed in these movies. Imagine young girls looking up to heroines in movies who have a perfect body, perfect face, fantastic singing voice and are always trying to find her true love. These ideal stereotypes have girls all around the world mesmerized by the ideation of trying to be that perfect girl they see in Disney Princess movies. These movies also portray stereotypes concerning the role of a female including cleaning, cooking, and always having the male as the dominant role. Because of these stereotypes, younger girls are putting on lots of makeup, dying there hair, and trying to have the perfect body by working out or even cutting back on the food they eat. These social norms create a false sense of self-esteem that can give younger girls the wrong message, and create a situation where if a young girl is criticized, her self-esteem may drop even more. My concern with Disney Princess movies following stereotypes is mainly based off of young children believing they need to succeed these expectations. T hese claims even affect boys as much as girls. Although many young girls and boys idolize Disney princesses, they promote stereotypical behavior and therefore female characters should be changed in upcoming movies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stereotypes In Disney Movies About Princesses" essay for you Create order Media, due to stereotypes have been influencing all generations poorly for many years. In fact, the history of stereotypes in Disney dates back to 1937 in Disneys film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Snow White stereotypes girls by showing them that cleaning is there job, they will one day be rescued by a prince, and they always have to take care of others. By showing young girls a perspective of a female role model that they look up to, may teach them to try to achieve the stereotypes that they portray. The impact of movies on young childrens perception of their body images has also been a continued concern within the history of Disney Princess stereotypes. As I was reading an article on DoSomething.org, I learned that, Approximately 91% of women are unhappy with their bodies and resort to dieting to achieve their ideal body shape. Unfortunately, only 5% of women naturally possess the body type often portrayed in these movies by Americans in the media (11 Facts about Body Image). The majority of girls have a problem with their body types, which is a major problem because girls should not be ashamed of their bodies. The Washington post did a study in 2002 about how princess culture affects 198 preschoolers and Elementary girls. The one main point they got out of this research is that the more the princess culture affects girls, the more they behaved in stereotypical feminine ways. As well as stereotypes being portrayed in the older Disney Princess Movies, there are still signs of stereotypes in the newer movies. The newer movies that portray less stereotypes is Frozen, Moana, and Beauty and The Beast. Although these movies consist of less stereotypes, they still display stereotypes that can affect girls perspective on their bodies and what a relationship should not consist of. The Disney movie Frozen, has many stereotypes including the fact that girls have to have a man in there life to solve all their problems. Anna displays a girl who thinks her sister is better than her because shes more perfect. As I was reading an article on theguardian.com, I was enlightened that Elsa portrays a character that thinks she can do whatever she wants, Shes dancing in the snow, complaining of how hard it is to play by the rules and conceal her inner self. She climbs the mountain(Frozens Elsa in a Racy Dress). Not only is there stereotypes in Frozen, there are stereotypes in B eauty and the Beast. As I was reading an article on theodysseyonline.com, it became clear that ,Belle can be compared to the stereotypical woman in todays society because women today are forced to give up their own hopes and dreams to be the main caretakers of the home and children(Gender Roles: As Told By Beauty And The Beast). Women in todays society still face challenges in these stereotypical categories. As you can see there are many negative stereotypes portrayed by your movies that need to change. As a society we need to encourage our youth to be the best individual that they can be. We need to encourage our young impressionable youth that dreams do come true and that they should always pursue their dreams. Ethically, it is imperative that we teach our young girls correct self images. We need to teach self reliance, strength, confidence, compassion, empathy, and persistence among others. All of these attributes are sometimes portrayed in your Disney Princesses, but seemingly the story lines dont focus on this, they usually focus on a subordinative role for the Princesses, always being saved by a male hero. When young girls are subjected by the ideal princess, it makes them feel as if they need to meet those expectations. Many parents of young girls are worried about them behaving like Disney Princesses and one parent expressed her opinion by stating that the Disney Princess empire was the first step down a path to scarier challenges, from self-objectification to cyberbullying to unhealthy body images (Little girls or little women? The Disney princess effect). Self objectification is very wrong and should not be acted upon at a young age. Keira Knightley (actress) was talking to Ellen De generes on her show about Disney Movies and Keira stated how the 1950s Cinderella waits around for a rich guy to rescue her. Dont! Rescue yourself. Obviously! Keira Knightley is giving us commentary on the fact that women dont need men to save them from there issues. Young girls should be taught that it is okay to not be perfect, its okay to put themselves first, and its okay for them to step up and to take action. As well as young girls being affected by stereotypes within the Disney Princess culture, many young boys have been affected too. Disney Princess Movies portray male characters as strong, handsome, brave, and saviors. With these stereotypes, many boys who watch Disney Princess Movies might subconsciously emulate these male figures. An example of a stereotypical male character is Gaston from the movie Beauty and the Beast, he is stereotypical because he is the rich bachelor that the entire village female population seems to drool over because hes big, strong, rich, and handsome. This right away forms an ideal image for men that they will only get womens attention by obtaining those attributes (Disney Gender Analysis). When young boys are exposed to these types of stereotypical expectations, they may want to pursue the roles of these male characters that may be seen as ideal. Ideally, balance is best for both genders to work toward. For boys, who are already immersed in a hyper-masculin e culture, becoming more feminine is becoming more well-rounded, according to (Disney Princesses Do Change Girls † and Boys, Too). Another big topic is the concern with homosexuals not being incorporated into Disney Princess Movies. A man by the name of Alex Kritselis stated his views by saying,Sadly, most Disney films are built upon a solid heterosexist foundation boys chase girls and vise versa, case closed. In Disneys world, there is little room for variation (What Disney Movies Teach Men). It is not just young girls that are affected, its young boys that can get the wrong message about how Disney portrays there women and men characters within there attributes. Although Disney princesses portray these types of stereotypes, there are still traits in Disney Princess movies that educate kids and show how they can be brave and embrace their own values. The newer movies display more of a brave and powerful female role, unlike the older movies. Moana is an example of a Disney movie which interprets a princess that breaks most of the female stereotypes portrayed in Disney Princess Movies. Moana is a princess that is brave, fearless, and she stands up to people just to protect her community. Even though she broke many stereotypes, she still is an ideal princess because she shows weakness in some parts of the movie. Stereotypes in Disney Princess Movies have been decreasing throughout the years, but have not dissolved all the way. Tangled is a prime example of stereotypes decreasing but not all the way. The movie Tangled was a big transition into Disney breaking multiple stereotypes. As I was reading an article on medium.com, they explained that, Ta ngled is a good movie that somewhat breaks these gender roles. Rapunzel doesnt really need Flynn to save her. She has to save him a couple of times throughout the movie(Disney Princess Movie: Gender Roles and Stereotypes). Even though she broke stereotypes, she also displays many because she is imprisoned within the tower since a child, she is a waif-like female with big eyes and a teeny-tiny waist who sings about doing chores with the refrain, wonder when my life will begin. Rapunzel is stereotypically overly emotional, swinging from one end of a mood swing to another as often as she (and others) swing from her long golden locks (Disneys Racist Stereotyping and Gender Roles Remain Un-Tangled). This is a prime example of a Disney Princess Movie that is both a negative and positive impact on the younger community. Among with current Disney Princess movies being a controversial topic dealing with stereotypes, there are still many problems due to the princesses that Disney aspires to be role models. In many of the Disney Princess movies, the woman are seen to be strong, loving, and kind people. As children watch these movies they learn these attributes and act upon it in their own life. These Disney princesses may teach children to be less selfless and shy away from any cruel acts. Although these are ideal traits for society, there are still many traits in these princesses that the younger generation should not follow. The ideal women should be praised for many of her attributes and not just beauty. Even though some of the male characters fall in love with the princesses for their personality including Tangled, Beauty and the Beast, and Mulan, there are still Disney Princess Movies that portray male characters falling in love with the princesses due to mostly there beauty such as Aladdin, The Li ttle Mermaid, and Cinderella. Most of the Disney Princess movies that show the male character fall in love with the princess for just her beauty, do not get to know each other and do not have a deeper connection besides there appearance. Therefore, Disney Princesses should proceed to show the attributes of a kind, loving and strong women and not show that the only beauty is on the outside. My objective of this letter was to persuade you to address my views of these Disney Princess stereotypes. My perspective on these stereotypes is that they should not exist and should not be put out there for the younger generation to follow. The younger generation should not profile women to be a typical Disney Princess. If there was more diversity and stereotype breaking traits incorporated in Disney Princess movies, then there would be less controversy and more content that the younger generations can look up to. If there was more attributes shown in princesses such as being strong, kind, supportive, and smart, then the more parents will want their kids to pursue these traits and look up to them as role models. As well as incorporating more positive attributes, I believe you should establish a balance of both heterosexuals and homosexulas and incorperate them into one of your Disney Princess Movies. I am aware that if you incorporate these traits into Disney Princess Movies, not ev eryone will be satisfied, but more people who have either seen a Disney Princess Movie or have not, will be confident that the traits these princesses will acquire are an excellent way of teaching the younger generation that women are strong and independent in any situation. Bibliography 11 Facts About Body Image. DoSomething.org Volunteer for Social Change, www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-body-image. After Long-Criticized Diversity Issue, Film Academy Votes To Change. Weekend Edition Saturday, 23 Jan. 2016. Student Resources In Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A442019298/SUIC?u=ft78414sid=SUICxid=f9360985. Accessed 30 Oct. 2018. Brockes, Emma. Frozens Elsa in a Racy Dress: This Is the Menace of Disney | Emma Brockes. The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 5 Oct. 2017, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/05/frozen-elsa-dress-menace-disney-stereotypes. DOyley, Demetria Lucas. TV Too Diverse? Why Its Only a Start (Opinion). CNN, Cable News Network, 5 May 2015, www.cnn.com/2015/03/29/opinions/doyley-race-and-television/index.html. DellAntonia, Kj. Disney Princesses Do Change Girls and Boys, Too. The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 June 2016, well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/06/27/disney-princesses-do-change-girls-and-boys-too/. Gender Roles: As Told By Beauty And The Beast. The Odyssey Online, Odyssey, 30 Jan. 2018, www.theodysseyonline.com/gender-roles-as-told-by-beauty-and-the-beast. Joho, Jess. Study Finds Almost No Increase in Diversity in Popular Films over the Last Decade. Mashable, Mashable, 1 Aug. 2018, mashable.com/article/annenberg-inclusion-study-hollywood-popular-films-diversity/#U1QmnCJagiqW. Kritselis, Alex. What Disney Movies Teach Men. Bustle, Bustle, 13 Nov. 2018, www.bustle.com/articles/17264-7-problematic-lessons-disney-movies-teach-boys-about-masculinity. Lets press pause on reality TV. London Evening Standard [London, England], 15 Aug. 2018, p. 13. Global Issues in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/ A550330972/GIC?u=ft78414sid=GICxid=3ac98dc6. Accessed 26 Oct. 2018. Leydon, Joe. 10 Most Important Movies to Understand Racism and Fascism in America. Variety, 19 Aug. 2017, variety.com/gallery/racism-facism-10-movies-white-dog/#!2/birth-of-a-nation-4. Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect. The Christian Science Monitor, The Christian Science Monitor, 24 Sept. 2011, www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2011/0924/Little-girls-or-little-women-The-Disney-princess-effect. Lopez, Ricardo. Despite Dollars in Diversity, Hollywood Still Averse to Making Inclusive Films. Variety, 6 Nov. 2017, variety.com/2017/film/news/diversity-box-office-winners-hollywood-1202603438/ Los Angeles Film Festival Highlights Diversity In Film Industry. Weekend All Things Considered, 4 June 2016. Student Resources In Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A455356095/SUIC?u=ft78414sid=SUICx Male Stereotypes. Disney Gender Analysis, disneyanalysis.weebly.com/male-stereotypes.html. Merritt, Alisha. Disney Princess Movie: Gender Roles and Stereotypes. Medium.com, Medium, 27 June 2016, medium.com/@alisha9193/disney-princess-movie-gender-roles-and-stereotypes-e2122b0c83c6. Ramos, Dino-Ray RamosDino-Ray. Study Finds Diversity In Television On The Rise, But Not Representative Of American Population. Deadline, 24 Apr. 2018, deadline.com/2018/04/diversity-inclusion-representation-television-tv-time-1202375787/. UCLA. Hollywood Diversity Report 2018. Social Sciences, socialsciences.ucla.edu/hollywood-diversity-report-2018/. Wilson, Natalie. Disneys Racist Stereotyping and Gender Roles Remain Un-Tangled. Alternet, www.alternet.org/story/149045/disney%E2%80%99s_racist_stereotyping_and_gender_roles_remain_un-tangled.

Forensic Investigation On The Criminal Justice System

Forensic investigation is the application of scientific technology and procedures used in the establishment and investigation of criminal evidence and facts that are to be analyzed and later used in the criminal justice system. It is a broad field that encompasses major professional organizations that helps in combating crimes through the provision of forensic labs where the analysis of investigation is carried out. The forensic criminal investigation agencies are mandated with the collection of evidence from crime scene and later analyze for use the criminal justice system. However, there are forensic procedures used to collect and process the forensic evidence from electronic devices. The procedures have to follow the fourth and Fifth†¦show more content†¦They have to consider whether the seizure violates the expectations of individual privacy. The team has to vividly outline the reasons as to why they expect to get reliable information from the electronics. They have to consider the extent by which the search violates the legitimate expectations of the individual privacy. The investigators should understand that the individual has expectation of privacy of the information stored in these electronic devices. This validates the electronic devices to be treated as like a briefcase. The fourth amendment prohibits the forensic investigator from accessing the information stored in digital devices that would violate the individual’s expectation of privacy. Actually, the suspect has a reasonable expectation of privacy ass the devices are at his home. This will mean that the investigators have to obtain a warrant of search before accessing the information stored in the devices. The Fifth Amendment prohibits the forensic investigator from forcing the suspect to provide any information that is treated against him in court as evidence. The amendment provides the suspect with individual privileges for against self-incrimination. Therefore, the investigator does not have to force the suspect to provide them with the access the information contained in the electronic devices. The suspect has the right to remain silent during and afterShow MoreRelatedInvestigation Of A Criminal Investigation Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesInvestigation Research A criminal investigator can be described as an individual who collects, records, and analyzes evidence and information related to a criminal offense. The main goal of criminal investigation is to discover the truth regarding the events and processes that contributed to the occurrence of a criminal offense. Generally, the investigative process has four major objectives i.e. establishing the occurrence of an offense, determining and arresting the suspect, recovering stolenRead MoreTechnology And Science By Law Enforcement1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Institute of Justice defines forensic science as, â€Å"the application of science, such as physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, and engineering to matters of law,† (2014). The emphasis here is the use of technology and science by law enforcement officers and agencies and is accepted and recognized by the criminal justice system. It is seen as scientific technology or Criminalistics, (Dempsey Forst, 2013). Wh ile technology plays a role in this, it is most recognized by the useRead MoreCriminal Law And Popular Culture1367 Words   |  6 Pages Criminal Law and Popular Culture With the increase in crime rates and application of criminal justice, it is factual that the filming industry has embraced the issue where more than quarter of the television dramas and films are based on crime and criminal justice. Most of these television programs and dramas exhibit values such as societal norms in law enforcement and agencies involved in criminal law. Therefore, messages conveyed in these TV programs are based on the real life lawRead MoreCriminal Law And Popular Culture1368 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion #1 Criminal Law and Popular Culture With the increase in crime rates and application of criminal justice, it is factual that the filming industry has embraced the issue where more than quarter of the television dramas and films are based on crime and criminal justice. 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This question is answered based on witnessesRead MoreEssay on Forensic Psychology Deals with Both Law and Psychology625 Words   |  3 PagesForensic (criminal) psychology is a job field that deals with both psychology and law. The field has experienced dramatic growth in recent years due to the role of popular movies, television programs and books popularizing the field. Often these individuals are depicted as vivid components in solving vicious crimes or timing out a criminal’s next home. While these depictions of certainly entertaining, yet these portrayals are not necessarily precise. Forensic psychologists play an instrumental roleRead MoreThe Uses Of Dn Dna Fingerprinting1486 Words   |  6 PagesJennifer Tran Mr. Tucker AP Biology 26 August 2015 The Uses of DNA: DNA Fingerprinting Sir Alec Jeffreys’ 1984 discovery of DNA fingerprinting in England has revolutionized the criminal justice system by enabling legal entities to determine innocence or guilt of a suspect to a much higher level of accuracy(Butler). This discovery has also provided the ability to identify victims of natural disasters or catastrophes like 911(Lippincott). Additionally, DNA testing or profiling, has helped doctors andRead MoreFraud Paper1704 Words   |  7 Pagesembezzlement case in civil court and criminal court, and 2) discuss the role of an expert witness/fraud examiner in each proceeding. There are two major factions of the United States court system: civil cases and criminal cases. Both take place in courtrooms all across the country, but there are several differences that separate the two as well as the role of fraud examiner in each proceeding. The major difference of the two in an embezzlement case is: 1) In a criminal court case, the opposing parties

The Maintenance of Stereotypes. - 1798 Words

Although the nature of stereotypes are not essentially negative it has been found that stereotypes of out-group members are more likely to be negative than those of in-group members (Castelli et al. 2005; Perdue, Dovidio, Gurtman Tyler, 1990). Despite this fact, engaging in stereotyping still occurs. In order to adequately understand why we continue to use stereotypes, when we know of the negativity that can be attached to them, several areas need to be considered. Firstly, in the context of this essay stereotypes need to be defined. Lippman (1922) can be credited for having coined the term as being a set of socially shared representations and beliefs about the characteristics, features and behaviours of members of a group (Lyons †¦show more content†¦When sufficient cognitive resources were available and the participants intended to process counter-stereotypic information (the gender neutral words) there was a complete reversal of stereotype priming (1996). So although pri ming is a powerful method in maintaining stereotypes it does not fully account for the continuation of stereotyping in the face of its negativity. As reported by Bodenhausen (1990) instead of processing incoming or new information, stereotypes rely on previously stored knowledge and as a result information processing becomes easier. Thus the maintenance of stereotypes could be partially due to a type of cognitive laziness. Instead of flexing the grey matter muscle and using cognitive energy to process the new information, people effectively ‘rest on their laurels’, without motivation to change them they are reinforced to continue using stereotypes (Blair Banaji, 1996). However, as Macrae, Milne Bodenhausen (1994) established, stereotyping can also occur as a way to free up resources which can then be used in other tasks. Either way stereotypes are a type of judgmental heuristic, a short cut we take when demands are high and resources low. 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The dynamic of prejudice is that people adopt certain negative attitude toward other groups or other group’s members due to inaccurate beliefs , creating stereotypes, which will function as a shortcut discriminatory acts. The legacy of Gordon Willard Allport Allport’s work is a foundation in Social Sciences for bringing about several concepts that allowed the articulation and discussion of social issuesRead MoreRacism And The Criminal Justice System1739 Words   |  7 Pagesprofiling against minorities, majorly the black minority. Generally speaking, when taking a look at history, we can see that problems existed anytime and anywhere within the criminal justice system and society, such as: status, power, race, gender, stereotypes; basically anything you can think of and see around you. Overtime, statistics and data has shown an over-represented population of Black minority in prison (Petersilia 1985). 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Selective Imitation of Compatriot Firms †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Selective Imitation of Compatriot Firms. Answer: Introduction: By focusing on the political conditions of Mexico it is analyzed that it has stability. The government of Mexico has introduced many reforms that are based on economic, educational and economic. It is analyzed that reforms help the company to enter the new market (De Villa et al., 2015). In the recent scenario, the competition level has enhanced and also it the environment has brought change and helps to enhance the economy. The reforms that are introduced by the government help to enhance the activities of the organization. The main focus of the company is to maintain proper relations with the countries like Australia (Wang et al., 2016). Stability is also analyzed in the countries like Australia, as it is one of the developed countries. The laws and policies which are imposed by the government have given impact on the retail sector and also on the overall activities of the organization (Hatch, 2018). It is evaluated that Mexico depends more on the US as it is considered as one of the biggest trading partners. The exports are done more as compared to other countries. The banking sector of this country is increasing with the rates that are given as a loan to the individuals. Also, there are agencies who give money to the companies. If the focus is given on growth rate it is analyzed that the growth rate more in 2017 is more than the growth rate in 2016. In the country, the household income of the individual is enhancing and they are spending more on expensive products and services on a routine basis. It is seen that approximately 18% of the population is below the poverty line. The customers who give more preference to the luxury products are always ready to give more or to spend more on purchasing the products or services. Also, it is analyzed that the country focuses on considering latest technologies so that changes can be made effectively. Western culture is more adopted by the cities (Van Rompay et al., 2016). To conduct the activities of the organization, one of the best sectors is telecommunication sector which is considered by the country. By focusing on internet and digital media it is seen that company is in the top 15 countries. Latest technology adopted by the organization helps to enhance the success in the market. Marketing and distribution strategy is considered by the organization so that demand for the products can be enhanced (Shao, 2016). It is seen that Mexico takes an active part in World trade affairs by taking into consideration various forums like NAFTA so that the legal process of the country can be liberalized effectively. At the time of establishing the business, the foreign organizations have many options like joined venture and purchase of shares. To give proper assistance to the company it is important to consider federal law so that labor law can be protected (Laufs and Schwens, 2014). The country is facing various challenges which are related to industrialization growth. One of the negative factors is related to pollution. To manage the issues related with the environment there are various plans which are considered by the Mexico government so that activities can be conducted in a smooth manner. To renew the energy resources the government is focusing on considering the initiatives so that companies can easily achieve success (Vogl, 2014). It is evaluated that there are many changes in the retail sector and it has simplified the process of foreign players to enter the market. Porter five force models will be taken into consideration in this part to evaluate the retail sector of Mexico. There are various competitors in the foreign countries. So, it is difficult to establish the business as more investment is required to conduct the activities of the organization. The companies who have existed in the market have captured a large market share and also it has created a hindrance for the new players to enter the market. The growth of the retail sector is very limited just because of the finance. To establish a new market is one of the costly processes but is seen that Lidl has already created a good market. The supermarket can easily attain the economies of scale as they purchase the products in large quantity (Cameron et al., 2015). The threat of substitution is high in the retail sector. It is seen that there are few market players. It is seen that there are many retail outlets who sell their products easily in a managed form. The products are displayed in a proper manner so that demand can be enhanced. There are also many new players who try to induce the customers so they create substitute product and offer to the customers at a low price. The concept of retail is changed by them only by offering products at a low price (Berardi et al., 2017). The competition is high in the retail sector of Mexico. To induce the customers the organizations, take into consideration innovative strategies like discounts and good services to the customers (Chatterjee, 2017). There are varieties of products offered to the customers on the retail outlet. The organizations that are local have the benefit to sustain in the market. To enhance the competition level in the market it is important to take into consideration the innovative strategies like aggressive advertisements and offers to promote the products (Berman, 2015). In the retail sector, the bargaining power is low as it is seen that it is not possible to differentiate between the retailers. The behavior of the customer is dynamic and they purchase different items where there can get attractive discounts. It is seen that the customers who are loyal give benefit to the suppliers. So, bargaining power is low in the retail sector. Bargaining power of Buyers It is analyzed that for every organization customers are considered as an asset. The bargaining power of the customers is strong if the comparison is made with the competitors. Consumers are ready to purchase new products so that switching cost is high and the products can be easily availed at competitive prices (Giri and Maiti, 2014). The buying decision of the customer is affected by the offers and discounts offered to the customers. So, it is essential for every company to evaluate the activities of the buyers. So, by focusing on the above evaluation, it is seen that Lidl has to face a high level of competition in the country. To minimize the barrier, it is important to take into consideration proper strategies so that competitive advantage can be achieved in an effective manner. There are many companies in Mexico who has a good image and the connection is also good for the customers (Moshiri and Santillan, 2018). It is important to consider proper marketing strategies so that business can be expanded. The company can easily earn profits in the market. There are many foreign companies who enter the market by taking into consideration joint venture. This will help the local players to capture large market share (Smith and Thanassoulis, 2015). The value chain of the company assists to conduct the activities of the organization and also it helps to enhance the image of the company. It focuses on the operations concerned with manufacturing and procuring so that delivery of the products can easily be done. The figure states the value chain process of Lidl. The process of inbound logistics of the company is complex and the products of the company are supplied all over the world. The organization is focusing on enhancing the overall scope of the activities. The organization is making the investment so that the activities related to logistics can be enhanced effectively. It also takes into consideration the initiative's to simplify the supply chain management (Schoenherr et al., 2015). In the distribution system of the company, the products are sent so that packaging can be done properly. Good relation also helps to enhance the value of the company. Through the distribution centers, the customers purchase the products easily. Online sales also enhanced the demand and helped the company to distribute its products. Retailers and wholesalers of Lidl help to add value to the logistic system. The free delivery option is also given to the customers (Surdu et al., 2018). Lidl invests more on the strategies concerned with marketing so that activities can be conducted smoothly. The campaign of products is done so that products can be introduced in the market. The statement of the company is to give surprise to the customers. The products of the company are also promoted through Facebook, , and YouTube. Strong distribution channel of the company is created just because of the various strategies related to digital. There is more marketing strategy that will help to connect the brand with a variety of the products. Lidl is considering both online and offline channel so that sales can be enhanced by the products. The employees of the company offer superior customer service and also has taken into consideration cost leadership strategy so that goals and objectives can be accomplished effectively. The primary activity will help to enhance the value of the overall image of the company. The human resource department of the company emphasizes on the people who are conducting the activities of the organization. The company focuses on the people who are talented and can manage the activities in a smooth manner (Marchington et al., 2016). Training is offered to the employees so that they can manage the activities and can conduct the activities according to the expectation level of the customers. Lidl emphasizes on giving rewards to the employees by analyzing their performance (Bratton and Gold, 2017). Flat hierarchy is considered by the organization and it helps to conduct the activities of the company in a proper manner. It helps the company to operate the activities smoothly. By focusing on latest technology, the company offers attractive services to the customers like pick and packaging services that help to enhance the overall satisfaction level. Through online services also the customer can purchase the product by sitting anywhere. The information is searched with the help of Google analyst that help to increase the demand for the products. Taste and preference of the customer can easily analyze by proper considering the strategy. It will help to enhance the goodwill in the market and also enhances the overall satisfaction level of the customers. The organization emphasizes on enhancing the sales and it is evaluated that most of the suppliers are from British. This states that the suppliers have a good connection or belong from the UK and the products are also taken from other countries and as well from the UK. It is important for the organization to evaluate the market entry at the time of planning to enhance the activities of the business in the international market. There are many methods by which the organization can easily enter the market (Kraus et al., 2015). The organization can take into consideration various methods to enter the market. It is important to choose one of the best methods so that the company can easily enter the market (Fong et al., 2014). To enter into Mexico, it is seen that company should focus on the modes of entry so that business can be established in a proper manner. There are some entry modes that are elaborated below: There are many advantages of a joint venture in Mexico that can be implemented on Lidl. It is seen that organization does not require stressing about the lack of knowledge of local market (Xie and Li, 2017). The organization can consider the local market so that image can be enhanced in Mexico. By focusing on joint venture it is seen that delivery of services can be handled easily (Hernndez and Nieto, 2015). It is important that the people involved in the business should take care of after sale services. It is important that company should provide proper training to the employees so that the activities can be conducted managed form. The joint venture is considered as a cost-effective method as it emphasizes on enhancing the overall quality standards. Lidl can easily offer the products to the customers in Mexico. The major factor is related to service delivery. The products can be given to the customers by focusing on online and offline mode. After sale service can also be a major issue so it is important to take corrective steps in a proper manner so that activities can be conducted smoothly. This is one of the methods of enhancing the business on the international platform. This method can be taken into consideration by the company to enter the market. In this method, the organization has to make a proper agreement with the large companies and the products can be sold by considering the trademark. It will assist the company to evaluate the new consumers and market in an effective manner (Hussain et al., 2018). In this method, the organization can face problems just because of the lack of knowledge about the legal procedures. Also, it is seen that company should conduct the activities according to set policies and rules that can be considered in the innovative process. So, by the above information, it is analyzed that joint venture can be one of the best options that should be taken into consideration by the company to enter the market. If company take into consideration the method of joint venture then it can be easy to achieve the overall benefits and opportunities prevailing in the retail sector. Conclusion It is analyzed that every organization should evaluate the market so that expansion can be made on the international level. Mexico is one of the best countries for the organization to expand its business. Also, it is evaluated that joint venture will be the best option to enhance the overall activities of the organization. References Berardi, N., Sevestre, P. and Thbault, J., 2017. The Determinants of Consumer Price Dispersion: Evidence from French Supermarkets. InThe Econometrics of Multi-dimensional Panels(pp. 427-449). Springer, Cham. Berman, B., 2015. How to compete effectively against low-cost competitors.Business Horizons,58(1), pp.87-97. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Cameron, A.J., Sayers, S.J., Sacks, G. and Thornton, L.E., 2015. Do the foods advertised in Australian supermarket catalogues reflect national dietary guidelines?.Health promotion international,32(1), pp.113-121. Chatterjee, S., 2017. Two efficiency-driven networks on a collision course: ALDIs innovative grocery business model vs Walmart.Strategy Leadership,45(5), pp.18-25. De Villa, M.A., Rajwani, T. and Lawton, T., 2015. Market entry modes in a multipolar world: Untangling the moderating effect of the political environment.International Business Review,24(3), pp.419-429. Fong, C.M., Lee, C.L. and Du, Y., 2014. Consumer animosity, country of origin, and foreign entry-mode choice: a cross-country investigation.Journal of International Marketing,22(1), pp.62-76. Giri, B.C. and Maiti, T., 2014. Service competition in a supply chain with two retailers under service level sensitive retail price and demand.International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management,9(2), pp.133-146. Hatch, M.J., 2018.Organization theory: Modern, symbolic, and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hernndez, V. and Nieto, M.J., 2015. The effect of the magnitude and direction of institutional distance on the choice of international entry modes.Journal of World Business,50(1), pp.122-132. Hussain, D., Sreckovic, M. and Windsperger, J., 2018. An organizational capability perspective on multi-unit franchising.Small Business Economics,50(4), pp.717-727. Kraus, S., Ambos, T.C., Eggers, F. and Cesinger, B., 2015. 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